1. Introduction
2. Research advances
2.1 Climate System Stability
2.2 Role of the Ocean in the Climate System
2.3 Chemical and Biological Evolution of the Atmosphere and Ocean
3. National and International Cooperation
4. Research Dissemination
5. Research Training
6. Epilogue
Publications
1.1 International reviewed journals
1.2 Books, proceedings, reports and popular articles
DCESS Associates
1. Introduction
The DanishCenter for Earth System Science (DCESS) began in December 1997 at the Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics, University of Copenhagen, and at the Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (Odense) with basic funding from the Danish National Research Foundation (Danmarks Grundforskningsfond). We explored in the modern world, and into the distant geological past, relationships among the atmosphere, ocean, and life, in shaping the environment and climate on Earth. Our main research areas were 1) Climate System Stability, 2) Role of the Ocean in the Climate System, 3) Chemical and Biological Evolution of the Atmosphere and Ocean.
During our five year term we made major advances in all these areas. These advances are documented in publications in some of the best international scientific journals (see publication list). For example, since the beginning of 2000, 8 of our papers (5 with DCESS first authors) were published in Nature or Science and 12 of our papers (8 with DCESS first authors) were published in Geophysical Research Letters or Geology. In all, we had 21, 26 and 29 international publications in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002.
In the short time after its inception DCESS gained an international reputation in Earth System Science (ESS). Thus, in a lead editorial in Science (June 15, 2001), DCESS is mentioned among only five other (and older) institutes as one of a "...mere handful of U.S. and European institutions (that) offer graduate programs and the kind of interdisciplinary working environments that are essential for the rapid development of ESS". The author, Professor John Lawton from Imperial College and chief executive of the Natural Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom, concluded, "…It is hard to imagine a more important discipline than Earth System Science. We urgently need to overhaul our thinking and rejig our institutions to allow this crucial new science to flourish.”
2. Research advances
DCESS was organized from the start into our main research areas to provide focus, but also to put in place pillars of research strength upon which to base new, often cross-disciplinary, initiatives. As noted in a December 2001 report of the Evaluation Committee of DCESS, we “fulfilled the goals outlined in the original research plan for the period 1997-2002” and our research “has progressed on a wide variety of sub-themes…with no significant deviation from the plan”. The Committee noted the quality and importance of our research (“first-rate group of researchers”, “cutting edge of earth science”, “pioneering work”, “measurements are unique” in “an important, unexplored area”) and was impressed with “exceptionally talented and energetic students and post-doctoral fellows” and with “the center as a research training environment”.
2.1 Climate System Stability
We identified and corroborated a dynamical stabilizing mechanism for free perturbations in the climate system based on atmospheric angular momentum (AM) transport and its link to surface winds and evaporation. Latent heat from evaporation is carried from the surface and released above the main water vapour layers from where it can be effectively radiated to space. Without this convective bypassing of the main greenhouse absorbers, sea surface temperature would be unstable at its present equilibrium because of the water vapour/infrared radiative (WVIR) feedback, whereby downwelling infrared radiation at the surface from the atmospheric water vapour increases faster with temperature than the upwelling Stefan-Boltzmann radiation from the surface.
The operation of the above stabilizing mechanism was demonstrated using a simple hemispheric, atmosphere-ocean model with the surface energy budget processes parameterized using observations (Bates, 1999). An analytical solution for free perturbations of small amplitude about the model's equilibrium climate revealed the AM/evaporative stabilizing mechanism, showing it to be strong enough to counteract the destabilizing influence of the WVIR feedback. Both the Clausius-Clapeyron and ventilation components of the evaporative perturbations contributed to the stabilizing effect. In an extension of the surface energy budget model to include a simple ocean thermohaline circulation, this circulation was found to be more stable than indicated by models of the Budyko-Sellers kind with a top-of-the-atmosphere approach to the energy parameterizations. Simulations with another simple ocean-atmosphere model showed that the thermohaline circulation and climate depend strongly on ocean vertical and horizontal exchange (including the effects of the wind-driven circulation), providing negative feedbacks to stabilize climate (Shaffer and Olsen, 2001).
We performed atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) experiments to test the validity of the AM/evaporative stabilizing mechanism (Alexeev and Bates, 1999). A uniform 2ºC perturbation to the equilibrium sea surface temperature was applied on an aquaplanet. Evaporation increased as a result of the perturbation, due both to the Clausius-Clapeyron factor and the ventilation factor associated with increased AM transport. As in the simple model, the evaporative stabilizer was strong enough to counteract the destabilizing WVIR feedback. We also carried out a global data study using 40 years of the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis to test the validity of the parameterizations underlying the dynamical stabilizing mechanism and found the parameterizations to be valid on time scales of a year or longer. We constructed a single column model of the tropical atmosphere in which the humidity profile was allowed to vary internally and the surface wind was allowed to vary in accordance with our AM relationship (Caballero, 2001). Here also it was found that the Clausius-Clapeyron and ventilation factors in evaporation were sufficient to keep the model stable in the face of the WVIR feedback.
We also studied the sensitivity of the climate system to a CO2 doubling using the simple energy balance approach with AM-induced winds described above (Bates, 2003). Although the ventilation factor in evaporation is stabilizing for free perturbations, it was found to act as a positive feedback (increasing the warming) for forced perturbations if these are sufficiently weighted towards the extratropics. For realistic magnitude and distribution of the surface forcing, the simple model gives a warming for a CO2 doubling comparable to that given by GCMs. In these circumstances, the ventilation feedback more than doubles the hemispheric average warming. The positive feedback effect of the ventilation term in the sensitivity context (for a CO2 doubling) has been corroborated by GCM experiments (Alexeev, 2003).
The oceans influence the environment and climate on Earth by storing and transporting heat and fresh water, and by modulating the composition of greenhouse gases like CO2 in the atmosphere. We carried out modeling and observational studies to address the role of the ocean in this context. Many of these results mesh with those cited above and below from our other two research areas.
Global ocean experiments with the Modular Ocean Model, developed at PrincetonUniversity, focused on formation processes for Antarctic Intermediate Water, a major component of the global thermohaline circulation (Sørensen, Ribbe and Shaffer, 2001). In the most realistic model runs, this water mass was formed mainly by subduction via along-isopycnal mixing near the Sub-Antarctic Front. Another application based on the Modular Ocean Model was a study of the circulation of LakeVostok, a large Antarctic subglacial lake (Williams, 2001). Alongshore flow in the eastern boundary current off Chile, as observed in our joint field studies (see below), was reproduced well using the Princeton Ocean Model, forced with observed winds and heat fluxes (Leth and Shaffer, 2001). The model also simulated meanders and eddies, associated with baroclinic instabilities. These mesoscale features may help maintain high biological production seaward of the coastal upwelling zone off Chile.
To address ocean biogeochemical cycling and its influence on atmospheric CO2 levels, we also used a suite of simple to complex models, ranging from the simple High Latitude exchange/Diffusion-Advection (HILDA) model (Shaffer, Bendtsen and Ulloa, 1999), over intermediate complexity models (Brovkin et. al., 2002) to 3-D ocean GCM’s. In the HILDA work we found a significant, 20 ppm lowering of atmospheric CO2 levels due to fractionation during remineralization of organic matter in the ocean, as determined from our analysis of global ocean data. In the GCM work, a new microbial loop for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycling in the water column, based on joint field studies (see below) and laboratory experiments, was implemented to model global ocean distributions of DOC. Results compared favorably with observed DOC gradients through the deep ocean, supporting the validity of the proposed loop.
Our field studies and data analyses were focused mainly on the eastern South Pacific Ocean and the northern North Atlantic Ocean, both formation sites for major water masses involved in the global thermohaline circulation. We demonstrated remarkable control - on synoptic to interannual (El Niño) time scales - of currents, sea surface temperature and, likely, biological production off the west coast of South America by oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific (Hormazabal et. al., 2001; Hormazabal, Shaffer and Pizarro, 2002). Based on repeat hydrographic observations made in 1967 and 1995, we detected warming and circulation change in the eastern South Pacific Ocean, including enhanced, poleward, mid-depth flow in the eastern boundary current off Chile (Shaffer et al., 2000). This work documented ongoing changes in wind-driven and thermohaline circulations. Data-based estimates of subduction of water masses into the Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyres showed the South Pacific to be by far the most important region for such water mass formation and subduction (Karstensen and Quadfasel, 2002). Periods of 3-5 years were found to dominate coupled sea ice, atmosphere and ocean variability in the southernmost South Pacific and South Atlantic, suggesting links between El Niño, the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave and deep water formation around Antarctica (Venegas and Drinkwater, 2000; Venegas, Drinkwater and Shaffer, 2001).
Work in the northern North Atlantic focused on the Greenland Sea (see also section 1.3), including long-term changes in water mass formation and transformation. Convection ceased dramatically during the past decades, being largely confined to the upper one kilometer. This weakening of the water mass formation was associated with an overall warming of the water column and a substantial freshening of the upper layers. Detailed surveys have also shown that the convection is locally limited to synoptic scale eddies, which may become nuclei for future deep water renewal (Lherminier et al., 1999). The sinking of dense winter water in such eddies was observed through repeated hydrographic profiles from freely drifting, profiling floats, deployed as part of the international ARGO program.The exchange of deep waters across the ridge system between Greenland and Shetland has diminished by about 20% over the past seven years, caused by the reduction of deep water formation in the north.
2.3 Chemical and Biological Evolution of the Atmosphere and Ocean
Chemical traces of microbial activity are preserved in the fossil record. These indicate the presence, or even dominance, of particular metabolisms, and provide clues to the chemistry of the Earth surface environment. Our focus has been mostly on sulfur, as sulfur-metabolizing organisms fractionate sulfur isotopes to an extent depending on environmental variables such as seawater sulfate and atmospheric oxygen levels. Also, the isotopic composition of sedimentary sulfides provides a record of ancient microbial activity over geologic time.
We have undertaken extensive studies on the ability of sulfur-metabolizing organisms to fractionate under conditions that may have existed in the geologic past. Thus, we have documented high fractionations associated with sulfate reduction at temperatures up to 88oC for natural populations of sulfate reducers collected with the deep sea submersible Alvin from an active hydrothermal vent field (Canfield et al., 2000), and for natural populations of hyperthermophilic sulfate reducers. We have also studied fractionation of natural populations of sulfate reducers at modern surface temperatures (Habicht and Canfield, 2001; Canfield, 2001) and fractionations associated with the disproportionation of So under sedimentary conditions (Böttcher and Thamdrup, 2001). Furthermore, we have explored the ability of a wide variety different sulfate reducers to fractionate at low sulfate concentrations, in the range we believe appropriate for ancient Precambrian oceans. From these studies we conclude that the ocean before 2.5 billion years ago contained over 100 times less sulfate than the present ocean (Habicht et al., 2002). This would have led to considerable sediment methanogenesis allowing for a strong source of greenhouse gas to the early Earth atmosphere. From these studies, and some of those described below, we can begin to trace the history of Earth surface oxidation and to understand some of the processes controlling this history.
We have examined the isotopic composition of sulfur species in sediments collected from the 3.5 billion yr. old North Pole barite deposits of Western Australia. Our results reveal the earliest indication of sulfate reduction in the geologic record and provide evidence for advanced cellular evolution within the first billion years of Earth history (Shen et al., 2001). Our geochemical analysis of 1.6 billion yr old marine sediments from the MacArthur Basin, northern Australia, indicate an anoxic ocean and provide persuasive evidence for seawater sulfate concentrations 10 times lower than the present 28 mM (Shen et al., 2002).
We used a simple ocean-atmosphere model to demonstrate the plausibility of an extended period of sulfidic ocean bottom water conditions from around 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago (Canfield, 1998). A sulfidic ocean is consistent with atmospheric oxygen levels < 25% of present-day, and some recent evidence from our group supports this model (Shen et al., 2002). This model is gaining general acceptance and has spurred further studies exploring how the sulfidic ocean might have influenced the pace of eukaryote evolution (Anbar and Knoll, Science, v. 297, 1137-1142). We have used the composition of Archean and early Proterozoic (< 2.0 billion years ago) banded iron formations to constrain ancient ocean phosphate concentrations to around 10 percent of present-day (Bjerrum and Canfield, 2002). Low phosphate concentrations would have meant low rates of primary production, providing an explanation for the generally low concentrations of atmospheric oxygen at this time.
Other highlights include the first demonstration in nature of anaerobic ammonia oxidation with nitrate which produces N2 gas and is therefore a sink for fixed nitrogen in the environment (Thamdrup and Dalsgaard, 2003). This process could have global significance as we have found that it occurs actively in the anoxic water column of a marine basin with chemical characteristics very similar to the oxygen minimum zones of the world's oceans (Dalsgaard et al., 2003). Indeed, the anammox process could be responsible for 20 to 30 percent of the total loss of nitrogen from the global ocean.
3. National and International Cooperation
Within Denmark we had close cooperation with the Geological Institute and the Marine Biological Labs at the University of Copenhagen, the Departments of Marine and Microbial Ecology, AarhusUniversity, and the Danish Environmental Research Institute in Risø and Silkeborg. For example, we participated in three expeditions to the Greenland Sea during 1998/1999 as part of a Danish Global Change Program project on carbon cycling in the northern North Atlantic. Joint analysis of this data led to the new view of ocean dissolved organic carbon cycling mentioned above.
Internationally, we highlight our special relationship and close cooperation with the Program for Physical Oceanography and Climate, University of Concepcion, Chile. Together we sustained a large observation program in the eastern South Pacific Ocean, including the only direct ocean current observations there, and carried out modeling studies. The DCESS-PROFC alliance took the lead internationally in studying the circulation and biogeochemical cycling in this immense, remote and largely unknown region. Our joint international publications, 10 over our five-year term, attest to this. In addition to numerous other good international collaborators (see our yearly reports at www.dcess.dk/PublicFrm.htm), we were formally associated with NASA-funded Astrobiology Institutes at Harvard and at the NASAAmesResearchCenter. Furthermore, DCESS was a member of Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education hosted by PennStateUniversity, providing funds and initiative for student exchange research projects.
4. Research Dissemination
We communicated our research results primarily through publication in international journals (see publication list) and through talks and posters at international conferences (see our yearly reports at www.dcess.dk/PublicFrm.htm). We also hosted three workshops with international attendance. We placed great value on informing the public and the press about our activities. DCESS research was highlighted in a number of articles in Danish national newspapers and professional and popular journals like Berlingske Tidende and Ingeniøren, and we have been interviewed in local and national radio news broadcasts. Our work was recently highlighted (Feb. 11, 2003) in the Science Program Viden Om, broadcast nationally on DR2. Furthermore, international newspapers like the New York Times and the Sydney Morning Herald reported on our results and our work also appeared in articles in Science News and Scientific American. We contributed to a book on climate from the Danish Meteorological Institute and presented our work at university open house arrangements, at the Danish Natural Science Festival, at schools, and in continuing education programs like the Folkeuniversitetet. DCESS associates also served on several editorial boards of both scientific and popular journals and convened a number of sessions at international symposia.
5. Research Training
DCESS associates were actively engaged in teaching and research training at beginning undergraduate to advanced graduate levels at our host universities, including courses in biology, ecology, oceanography and meteorology. One course, "The History of Life", at Odense was designed around DCESS activities. We also contributed to field courses in ecology, as well as oceanographic cruises with masters students to the North Atlantic. From 1998 onward we helped teach introductory oceanography courses and from 2001 onward, DCESS associates taught all undergraduate courses in oceanography at Copenhagen (the only oceanography curriculum in Denmark). We offered an Earth System Science seminar series with invited speakers of high international standing and DCESS associates made frequent contributions to a "climate group" seminar series. We collaborated closely with the Ph.D. school of the Copenhagen Global Change Initiative (COGCI) by offering the course "The Earth System" (part of COGCI's basic Ph.D. curriculum) and by holding lectures in other courses. We also contributed to lectures at summer schools in Denmark and abroad. DCESS associates supervised a number of bachelor projects, 17 masters students and 10 Ph.D. students (6 funded by DCESS and 4 by our host universities). Furthermore, we were advisors for several external Ph.D. projects related to our research. As shown by the above, DCESS was well integrated into the research and teaching activities of our host universities.
6. Epilogue
In a decision letter of February 2002, the Danish National Research Foundation decided not to grant a new five-year term to DCESS. However, more modest funds were offered over three years to “embed” DCESS activities into our respective host institutes. This was carried out with success in Odense but in Copenhagen agreement could not be reached between the different involved parties and the funding offer was withdrawn. In the meantime, DCESS “alumni” have carried with them our approach to interdisciplinary Earth System Science to other research environments (in Chile, Denmark, France, New Zealand, USA,..). We are confident that this will help Earth System Science to flourish around the globe.
Publications
1.1 International reviewed journals
Arnosti, C., Sagemann, J., Jørgensen, B.B. and Thamdrup, B. (1998) Temperature dependence of microbial degradation of organic matter in marine sediments: polysaccharide hydrolysis, oxygen consumption, and sulfate reduction, Marine Ecology Progress, 165, 59‑70.
Alexeev, V. and Bates, J.R. (1999) GCM experiments to test a proposed dynamical stabilizing mechanism in the climate system. Tellus, 51A, 630‑651.
Alexeev, V.A (2003) Sensitivity to CO2 doubling of an atmospheric GCM coupled to an oceanic mixed layer. Climate Dynamics, 20, 775-787.
Bates, J.R. (1999) A dynamical stabilizer in the climate system: a mechanism suggested by a simple model. Tellus, 51A, 349‑372.
Bendtsen, J. and Bjerrum, C. (2002) Vulnerability of climate on Earth to sudden changes in insolation. Geophysical Research Letters, 15, 10.1029/2002GL014829.
Bjerrum, C.J., Surlyk, F., Callomon, J.H., and Slingerland, R.L. (2001) Numerical paleoceanographic study of the early Jurassic Transcontinental Laurasian Seaway. Paleoceanography, 16, 390-404.
Bjerrum, C. and Canfield, D.E. (2002) Ocean productivity before about 1.9 Gyr ago limited by phosphorus adsorption onto iron oxides. Nature, 417, 159-162.
Brandt, P., Rubino, A., Quadfasel, D.R., Alpers, W., Sellschopp, J. and Fiekas, H.V. (1999) Evidence for the influence of Atlantic‑Ionian stream fluctuation on the tidally induced internal dynamics in the Strait of Messina. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29, 1071‑1080.
Brandt, P., Stramma L., Schott F.A., Fischer J., Dengler M. and Quadfasel D.R. (2002) Annual Rossby waves in the Arabian Sea from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter and in situ data. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 1197-1210.
Brovkin, V., Hofman, M., Bendtsen, J. and Ganopolski, A. (2002) Ocean biology could control atmospheric d13C during glacial-interglacial cycle. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystem, 3, 10.1029/2001GC000270.
Böttcher, M.E. and Thamdrup, B. (2001) Anaerobic sulfide oxidation and stable isotope fractionation associated with bacterial sulfur disproportionation in the presence of MnO2. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 10, 1573-1581.
Böttcher, M.E., Thamdrup, B. and Vennemann, T.W. (2001) Oxygen isotope fractionation during anaerobic bacterial disproportionation of elemental sulfur. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Act, 65, 1601-1609.
Caballero, R. and Sutera, A. (2000) Equilibration of a simple baroclinic flow in a ß channel and on the sphere. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 57, 3296‑3314.
Caballero, R. (2001) Surface wind, subcloud humidity and the stability of the tropical climate. Tellus, 53A, 513-525.
Caballero, R., Castegini, R. and Sutera, A. (2002) Equilibration of a two-level primitive equation model on the sphere. Nuovo Cimento, C 24, 875-884.
Caballero, R., Jewson, S. and Brix, A. (2002) Long memory in surface air temperature: Detection, modeling, and application to weather derivative valuation. Climate Research, 21, 127-140.
Caballero R. and Lavagnini A. (2002) A numerical study of the sea breeze, slope winds and convergence lines around Rome. Nuovo Cimento, C 25, 287-304.
Canfield, D.E., Boudreau, B.P., Mucci, A. and Gundersen, J. (1998) The early diagenetic formation of organic sulfur in the sediments of MangroveLake, BermudaGeochimica et Cosmochimica, 62, 767‑781.
Canfield, D. E., Thamdrup, B. and S. Fleischer (1998) Isotope fractionation and sulfur metabolism by pure and enrichment cultures of elemental sulfur disproportionating bacteria. Limnology and Oceanography, 43, 253-264.
Canfield, D.E. (1998) A new model for Proterozoic ocean chemistry, Nature, 396, 450‑453.
Canfield, D.E. and Raiswell, R. (1999) The evolution of the sulfur sycle. American Journal of Science, 299, 607‑723.
Canfield, D.E. (1999) A breath of fresh air. Nature, 400, 503‑504.
Canfield, D.E., Habicht, K.S. and Thamdrup, B. (2000) The Archean sulfur cycle and the early history of atmospheric oxygen. Science, 288, 658‑661.
Canfield, D.E. (2001) Isotope fractionation by natural populations of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 1117-1124.
Canfield, D.E. (2001) Biogeochemistry of sulfur isotopes. In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry,43, 607‑636.
Claussen, M., Mysak, L.A., Weaver, A.J., Crucifix, M., Fichefet, T., Loutre, M.F., Weber, S.L., Alcamo ,J., Alexeev, V., Berger, A., Calov, R., Ganopolski A., Goosse, H., Lohman, G., Lunkeit, F., Mokhov, I., Petoukhov, V., Stone, P. and Wang, Z. (2002) Earth system models of intermediate complexity: closing the gab in the spectrum of climate system models. Climate Dynamics, 18, 579-586.
Dalsgaard, T. and Thamdrup, B. (2002) Factors controlling anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite in marine sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68, 3802-3808.
Dalsgaard, T., Canfield, D.E., Petersen, J., Thamdrup, B. and Acuña-González, J. (2003) N2 production by the anammox reaction in the anoxic water column of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. Nature, 422, 606-608.
Dengler, M., Quadfasel, D.R., Schott, F.A. and Fischer, J. (2002) Abyssal circulation in the Somali Basin. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 1297-1322.
Dengler, M. and Quadfasel, D.R. (2002) Equatorial Deep Jets and abyssal mixing in the Indian Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32, 1165-1180.
Detmers, J, Brüchert, V., Habicht, K.S. and Kuever, J. (2001) Diversity of sulfur isotope fractionation by sulfate‑reducing prokaryotes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, 888-894.
Eigenheer, A. and Quadfasel, D.R. (2000) Seasonal variability of the Bay of Bengal circulation inferred from TOPEX/POSIEDON altimetry. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 3243‑3252.
Falkowski, P., Scholes, R.J., Boyle, E., Canadell, J., Canfield, D.E., Elser, J., Gruber, N., Hibbard, K., Högberg, P., Linder, S., Mackenzie, F.T., Moore III, B., Pedersen, T., Rosenthal, Y., Seitzinger, S., Smetacek, V. and Steffen, W. (ICBP Carbon Working Group). (2000) The global carbon cycle: A test of our knowledge of Earth as a system. Science, 290, 291‑296.
Finster, K., Liesack, W. and Thamdrup, B. (1998) Elemental sulfur and thiosulfate dispropotionation by Desulfocapsa sulfoexigens sp. nov., a new anaerobic bacterium isolated from marine surface sediment, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64, 119‑125.
Fones, G.R., Davison, W., Holby, O., Jørgensen, B.B. and Thamdrup, B. (2001) High‑resolution metal gradients measured by In Situ DGT/DET deployment in Black Sea sediments using an autonomous benthic lander. Limnology and Oceanography, 46, 982-988.
Garric, G., Douville, H. and Déqué, M. (2002) Prospects for improved seasonal predictions of monsoon precipitations over Sahel. International Journal of Climatology, 22, 331-345.
Glud, R.N., Holby, O., Hoffmann, F. and Canfield, D.E. (1998) Benthic mineralisation and exchange in Artic sediments (Svalbard), Marine Ecology Progress Series, 173, 237‑251.
Glud, R.N., Risgaard‑Petersen, N., Thamdrup, B., Fossing, H. and Rysgaard S. (2000) Benthic carbon mineralization in a high‑Arctic sound (Young Sound, NE‑Greenland). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 206, 59‑71.
Grotefendt, K., Logemann, K., Quadfasel, D. and Ronski, S. (1998) Is the Arctic Ocean warming? Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 27,679‑ 27,687.
Habicht, K.S., and Canfield, D.E. (1997) Sulfur isotope fractionation during bacterial sulfate reduction in organic rich sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 5351-5361.
Habicht, K.S., Canfield, D.E., and Rethmeier, J. (1998) Sulfur isotope fractionation during bacterial reduction and disproportionation of thiosulfate and sulfite, Geochimica et Cosmochimica, 62, 2585‑2595.
Habicht, K.S. and Canfield D.E. (2001) Isotope fractionation by sulfate‑reducing natural populations and the isotopic composition of sulfide in marine sediments. Geology, 29, 555-558.
Habicht, K.S., Gade, M., Thamdrup, B., Berg, P. and Canfield, D.E. (2002) A calibration of sulfate levels in the Archean Ocean. Science, 298, 2372-2374.
Hansen, J.W., Thamdrup, B. and Jørgensen, B.B. (2000) Anoxic incubation of sediment in gas‑tight plastic bags: a method for biogeochemical process studies. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 208, 73‑280.
Hesselbo, S.P., Gröcke, D.R., Jenkyns, H.C., Bjerrum, C.J., Ferrimond, P., Bell, H.S.M. and Green, O.R. (2000) Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event. Nature, 404, 392‑395.
Hormazabal, S., Shaffer, G., Letelier, J. and Ulloa, O. (2001) Local and remote forcing of sea surface temperature in the coastal upwelling system off Chile. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 16,657-16,672.
Hormazabal, S., Shaffer G. and Pizarro O. (2002) Tropical Pacific control of intraseasonal oscillation off Chile by way of oceanic and atmospheric pathways. Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 10.1029/2001GL013481.
Huber, M. and Caballero. R. (2003) Eocene El Niño: evidence for robust tropical dynamics in the “hothouse”. Science, 299, 877-881.
Høyer, J.L.and Quadfasel, D. (2001) Detection of deep overflows with satellite altimetry. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1611-1614.
Høyer, J.L., Quadfasel D. and Andersen O.B. (2002) Deep ocean currents detected with satellite altimetry. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 556-566.
Jørgensen, B. B., Weber, A., and Zopfi, J. (2001) Sulfate reduction and anaerobic methane oxidation in Black Sea sediments. DeepSea Research I, 48, 2097-2120.
Karstensen, J. and Quadfasel, D.R. (2002) On the formation of Southern Hemisphere thermocline waters: Water mass conversion and subduction. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32, 3020-3038.
Karstensen, J. and Quadfasel ,D.R. (2002) Water subducted into the Indian Ocean Subtropical gyre. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 1441-1457.
Konhauser, K.O., Hamade T., Raiswell R., Morris R.C., Ferris F.G., Southam G. and Canfield D.E. (2002) Could bacteria have formed the Precambrian iron formations? Geology, 30, 1079-1082.
Kostka, J.E., Thamdrup, B., Glud, N.R., and Canfield, D.E. (1999) Rates and pathways of carbon oxidation in permently cold Artic sediments. Marine Ecology Progress Series,180, 7-21.
Krom, M.D., Mortimer R.J.M., Poulton S.W., Hayes P., Davies I.M., Davison W. and Zhang H. (2002) In-situ determination of dissolved iron production in recent marine sediments Aquatic Sciences, 64, 282-291.
Körtzinger, A., Mintrop, L., Wallace, D.W.R., Johnson, K.M., Neill, C., Tilbrook, B, Towler, P., Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Shaffer, G., Torres, R.F., Ohtaki, E., Yamashita, E., Poisson, A., Brunet, C., Schauer, B., Goyet, C. and Eischeid, G. (2000) The International at‑sea Intercomparison of fCO2 systems during the R/V Meteor cruise 36/1 in the North Atlantic. Ocean. Marine Chemistry, 72, 171‑192.
Leth, O. K. and Shaffer, G. (2001) A numerical study of seasonal variability of circulation off central Chile. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 22,229-22,248.
Lherminier, P., Gascard, J.C. and Quadfasel, D.R. (1999) The Greenland Sea in winter 1993 and 1994: preconditioning for deep convection. Deep‑Sea Research II, 46, 1199‑1235.
Li, Y., Ménard, R., Riishøjgaard, L.P., Cohn, S.E. and Rood, R.B. (1998) A study on assimilating potential vorticity data. Tellus, 50A, 490‑506.
Li, Y., Ruge, J., Bates, J.R. and Brandt, A. (2000) A proposed adiabatic formulation of 3‑dimensional global atmospheric models based on potential vorticity. Tellus, 52A, 129‑139.
Lindberg, K. and Alexeev, A. (2000) A study of the spurious orographic resonance in semi‑implicit semi‑Lagrangian models. Monthly Weather Review, 128, 1982‑1989.
Morales, C.E., Hormazábal, S. and Blanco, J.L. (1999) Interannual variability in the mesoscale distribution of the depth of the upper boundary of the oxygen minimum layer off northern Chile (18‑24S): Implications for the pelagic system and biogeochemical cycling. Journal of Marine Research, 57, 909‑932.
Mysak, L.A. and Venegas, S.A. (1998) Decadal climate oscillations in the Arctic: A new feedback loop for atmosphere‑ice‑ocean interactions, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 3607‑3610.
Onstad, G.D., Canfield, D.E., Quay, P.D. and Hedges, J.I. (2000) Sources of particulate organic matter in rivers from the continental USA: Lignin phenol and stable carbon isotope compositions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 3539‑3546.
Pizarro, O. and Shaffer, G. (1998) Wind‑driven, coastal‑trapped waves off the island of Gotland, Baltic Sea, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 28, 2117‑2129.
Pizarro, O., Shaffer, G., Dewitte, B. and Ramos, M. (2002) Dynamics of seasonal and interannual variability of the Peru-Chile Undercurrent. Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 10.1029/2002GL014790.
Poulton, S.W. and Raiswell, R. (2002) The low-temperature geochemical cycle of iron: From continental fluxes to marine sediment deposition. American Journal of Science, 302, 774-805.
Poulton, S.W., Krom, M.D., Van Rijn, J. and Raiswell, R. (2002) The use of hydrous iron (III) oxides for the removal of hydrogen sulphide in aqueous systems. Water Research, 36, 825-834
Quadfasel, D. (2001) Ocean Currents: Red Sea. Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Academic Press.
Raiswell, R. and Canfield, D.E. (1998) Sources of iron for pyrite formation in marine sediments, American Journal of Science, 298, 219‑245.
Renwie, L., Chen, J., Zhang, S., Lei, J., Shen, Y. and Chu, X. (1999) Spatial and temporal variations in carbon and sulfur isotopic compositions of Sinian sedimentary rocks in the Yangtze platform, South China. Precambrian Research, 97, 59‑75.
Reppin, J., Schott, F.A., Fischer, J. and Quadfasel, D.R., (1999) Equatorial currents and transports in the upper central Indian Ocean: Annual cycle and interannual variability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 15,495‑15,514.
Riishøjgaard, L.P., Cohn, S.E., Li, Y. and Ménard, R. (1998) The use of spline interpolation in semi‑Lagrangian, transport models. Monthly Weather Review, 126, 2008‑2016.
Roselló‑Mora, R., Thamdrup, B., Schäfer, H., Weller, R. and Amann, R. (1999) Marine sediment microbial community response to organic carbon ammendation under anaerobic conditions. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 22, 237‑248.
Rudels, B., Friedrich, H.J. and Quadfasel, D. (1999) The Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current. Deep‑Sea Research II, 46, 1023‑1062.
Rudels, B., Meyer, R., Farhbach, E., Ivanov, I.I., Østershus, S., Quadfasel, D., Schauer, U., Tverberg, V. and Woodgate, R.A. (2000) Water mass distribution in FramStrait and over the Yermak Plateau in Summer 1997. Annales Geophysicae, 18, 687‑705.
Ruge, J.W., Li, Y., McCormick, S., Brandt A. and Bates, J.R., (2000) A nonlinear multigrid solver for a semi‑Lagrangian potential vorticity‑based shallow water model on the sphere. SIAMJournal of Scientific Computing., 21, 2381‑2395.
Rysgaard, S., Thamdrup, B., Risgaard‑Petersen, N., Fossing, H., Berg, P., Christensen, P.B. and Dalsgaard, T. (1998) Seasonal carbon and nutrient mineralization in a high‑Arctic coastal marine sediment, Young Sound, Northeast Greenland. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 175, 261‑276.
Rysgaard, S., Fossing, H. and Jensen, M.M. (2001) Organic matter degredation through oxygen respiration, denitrification, and manganese, iron and sulfate reduction in marine sediments (Kattegat and Skagerrak). Ophelia, 55, 77-91.
Shaffer, G., Bendtsen, J. and Ulloa O. (1999) Fractionation during remineralization of organic matter in the ocean. Deep‑Sea Research I, 46, 185‑204.
Shaffer, G., Hormazabal, S., Pizarro, O. and Salinas, S. (1999) Seasonal and intrannual variability of currents and temperature off central Chile. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 29,951‑29,961.
Shaffer, G., Leth, O., Ulloa, O., Bendtsen, J., Daneri, G., Dellarossa, V., Hormazábal, S. and Sehlstedt, P.‑I. (2000) Warming and circulation change in the eastern South Pacific Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 27,1247‑1250.
Shaffer, G. and Olsen, S.M. (2001) Sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation and climate to ocean exchanges in a simple coupled model. Climate Dynamics, 17, 433-444.
Shen, Y., Zhao, R., Chu, X. and Lei, J. (1998) The carbon and sulfur isotope signatures in the Precambrian‑Cambrian transition series of the Yangtze Platform, Precambrian Research, 89, 77‑86.
Shen, Y. and Schidlowski, M. (2000) New C isotope stratigraphy from southwest China: Implications for placement of the precambrian-Cambrian boundary on the Yangtze Platform and Global correlations. Geology, 28, 623-626.
Shen, Y., Schidlowski, M. and Chu, X. (2000) Biogeochemical approach to understand phosphogenic events of the terminal Proterozoic to Cambrian. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 158, 99‑108.
Shen, Y., Buick, R. and Canfield, D. (2001) Isotopic evidence for microbial sulphate reduction in the early Archean. Nature, 410, 77-81.
Shen Y., Canfield D.E. and Knoll A.H. (2002) Middle Proterozoic ocean chemistry: Evidence from the McArthurBasin, northern Australia. American Journal of Science, 302, 81-109.
Sonnerup, R.E., Quay, P.D. and Bullister, J.L. (1999) Thermocline ventilation and oxygen utilization rates in the subtropical North Pacific based on CFC distributions during WOCE. Deep‑Sea Research I, 46, 777‑805.
Sonnerup, R.E., Quay, P.D., McNichol, A.P., Bullister, J.L., Westby, T.A. and Anderson, H.L. (1999) Reconstructing the oceanic 13C Suess effect. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13, 857‑872.
Sonnerup, R.E., Quay, P.D. (2000) The Indian Ocean 13C Suess effect. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14, 903‑916.
Sonnerup, R.E. (2001) On the relations between CFC derived water mass ages. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1739-1742.
Stramma, L., Brandt, P., Schott, F.A., Quadfasel, D. and Fischer, J. (2002) Winter and summer monsoon water mass, heat and freshwater transport changes in the Arabian Sea near 8ºN. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 1173-1195.
Sørensen, J. V. T., Ribbe, J. and Shaffer, G. (2001) On Antarctic Intermediate Water mass formation in Ocean General Circulation Models. Journal of Physical Oceanography,31, 3295-3311.
Sørensen, K. B., Finster, K. and Ramsing, N. B. (2001) Thermodynamic and kinetic requirements in anaerobic methane oxidizing consortia exclude hydrogen, acetate, and methanol as possible electron shuttles. Microbial Ecology,42, 1‑10.
Teske, A., Ramsing, N.B., Habicht, K.S., Fukui, M., Küver, J., Jørgensen, B.B. and Cohen, Y. (1998) Sulfate-reducing bacteria and their activities in cyanobacterial mats of Solar Lake (Sinai, Egypt). Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64, 2943-2951.
Thamdrup, B., Hansen, J.W. and Jørgensen, B.B. (1998) Temperature dependence of aerobic respiration in a coastal sediment, FEMS Microbiology Ecol., 25, 189‑200.
Thamdrup, B. and Fleischer, S. (1998) Temperature dependence of oxygen respiration, nitrogen mineralization, and nitrification in Arctic sediments, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 15, 191‑199.
Thamdrup, B. (2000) Microbial manganese and iron reduction in aquatic sediments. Advances in Microbial Ecology, 16, 41‑84.
Thamdrup, B. and Dalsgaard, T. (2000) The fate of ammonium in manganese oxide‑rich sediment. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 4157‑4164.
Thamdrup, B., Rosselló‑Móra, R. and Amann, R. (2000) Microbial manganese, iron and sulfate reduction in Black Sea shelf sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, 2888‑2897.
Thamdrup B. and Dalsgaard T. (2002) Production of N2 through anaerobic ammomium oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in marine sediments. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 68, 1312‑1318.
Ulloa, O., Escribano, R.,Hormazabal , S., Quiñones, R., Gonzalez, R. and Ramos, M. (2001) Evolution and biological effects of the 1997-1998 El Niño in the upwelling ecosystem off northern Chile. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1591-1594.
Venegas, S.A., Mysak, L.A. and Straub, D.N. (1998) An interdecadal climate cycle in the Sourth Atlantic and its links to other ocean basins, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 24,723 ‑24,736.
Venegas, S.A. and Mysak, L. (2000) Is there a dominant timescale of natural climate variability in the Arctic? Journal of Climate, 13, 3412‑3434.
Venegas, S.A. and Drinkwater, M. (2001) Sea ice, atmosphere and upper ocean variability in the WeddelSea, Antartica. Journal of Geophysical Research-Ocean, 106, 16,747-16,766.
Venegas, S.A., Drinkwater, M. and Shaffer, G. (2001) Coupled oscillations in Antarctic sea‑ice and atmosphere in the South Pacific sector. Geophysical Research Letters,28, 3301-3304.
Wainer, I. and Venegas, S.A. (2002) South Atlantic multidecadal variability in the Climate System Model. Journal of Climate, 15, 1408-1420.
Williams, M.J.M. (2001) Application of a three‑dimensional numerical model to LakeVostok: an Antarctic subglacial lake. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 531-534.
Williams, M.J.M., Grosfeld, K., Warner, R.C., Gerdes, R. and Determann, J. (2001) Ocean circulation and ice‑ocean interaction beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 22,383-22,400.
Williams, M.J.M. (2002) Assessment of open boundary conditions for a regional model of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 10.1029/2000JC000539.
Williams, M.J.M., Warner, R.C. and Budd,W.F. (2002) Sensitivity of Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to changes in the climate of the Southern Ocean. Journal of Climate, 15, 2740-2757.
Yi, D., Mysak, L.A. and Venegas, S.A. (1999) Singular value decomposition of ArcticSea ice cover and overlying atmospheric circulation fluctuations. AtmosphereOcean, 37, 389‑415.
Zopfi, J., Ferdelman, T.G., Jørgensen, B.B., Teske, A. and Thamdrup, B. (2001) Influence of water column dynamics on sulfide oxidation and other major biogeochemical processes in the chemocline of Mariager Fjord (Denmark). Marine Chemistry,74, 29-51.
Zopfi, J., Kjær, T., Nielsen, L.P. and Jørgensen, B.B. (2001) Ecology of Thioploca spp.: NO3‑ and S0 storage in relation to chemical microgradients and influence on the sedimentary nitrogen cycle. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, 5530-5537.
1.2 Books, proceedings, reports and popular articles
Bates, J.R. and Alexeev, V. (2000) A dynamical stabilizer in the climate system: An observational study of the underlying parameterizations. DCESS Report No 1.
Bates, J.R. and Alexeev, V. (2001) A dynamical stabilizer in the climate system: a mechanism suggested by a simple model and supported by GCM experiments and an observational data study. In: P.F.Hodnett (Ed.), Advances in Mathematical Modelling of Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics, Kluwer, 2001, p.93-95.
Bates, J.R. (2003) On climate stability, climate sensitivity and the dynamics of the enhanced greenhouse effect. DCESS Report No. 3
Bendtsen, J. (1998) Havets cirkulation og betydning for klimaet, Kvant, 9, 13‑16.
Buch, E., Nielsen, T.G., Lundsgaard, C. and Bendtsen, J. (2001) Deep water convection and biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the Northern North Atlantic. In: Climate Change Research, Gads Forlag, 53-76.
Canfield, D.E., Habicht, K.S. and Thamdrup, B. (2000) Response to: The Archean atmosphere and sedimentary sulfides. Science, 289, 1297-1298.
Canfield, D. E. (2001) The Earth Cubed. A book review about the fully electronic journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G3). Nature, 413, 675.
Finster, K. and Thamdrup, B. (2000) Bakterier og svovl. Aktuel Naturvidenskab, 3, 20‑22.
Green, W.J., Canfield, D.E. and Nixon, P. (1998) Cobalt cycling and fate in LakeVanda. In: J. Priscu (ed.), Ecosystem dynamics in a Polar desert: The McMurdoDryValleys, Antartica, AGU, pp. 205-215.
Huber, M. (2001) Climate Change? A glance in the rear view mirror. Geotimes, 12, Newsmagazine of the Earth Sciences, American Geological Institute.
Huber, M. (2002) Straw Man 1: A preliminary view of the tropical Pacific from a global coupled climate model simulation of early Paleogene climate. In: Lyle M., Wilson P.A., Janacek T.R., et al., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 199, IR-O3.
Jakobsen, P.K., Nielsen, M.H., Quadfasel, D. and Schmith, T. (2002) Variability of the surface circulation of the NordicSeas during the 1990s. ICES Marine Science Symposia.
Karstensen, J. and Quadfasel, D. (2001) Variability of water mass transformation and formation in the southern hemisphere. CLIVAR newsletter
Knoll, A.H. and Canfield, D.E. (1998) Isotopic inferences on early ecosystems. In: Manger, W.L. and Meeks, L.K. (eds.), Isotope Paleobiology and Paleoecology, 4, 212‑243.
Lindberg, K and Langen, P. (2002) Klimastabilitet og den termohaline cirkulation, Gamma, 125, 29-39.
Meincke, J., Quadfasel, D., Berger, W.H., Brander, K., Dickson, R.R., Haugan, P.M., Latif, M., Marotzke, J., Marshall, J., Minster, J.F., Pätzold, J., Parilla, G., de Ruijter, W. and Schott, F. Variability of the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) (2002). In: Wefer G. (ed.) Hanse Workshop of Marine Science Frontiers of Europe. European Science Foundation.
Pedersen, J.O.P. and Kjaer C.R. (1999) Ambitiøs Klimaforskning. Aktuel Naturvidenskab, 1, 8‑10.
Pedersen, J.O.P. (1999) Vores blå planet, Kronik i Politiken, 17 September 1999.
Pedersen, J.O.P. (2000) Og der kom ilt...‑udviklingen af livsbetingelserne på Jorden. Aktuel Naturvidenskab, 2, 20‑23.
Pedersen, J.O.P. (2000) Klima forvirring. Aktuel Naturvidenskab, 6, 26.
Pedersen, J.O.P. (2001) Kulstofkredsløbet, Klimaet og Kyoto. Kvant, 4, 10-12.
Pedersen, J.O.P. (2001) Klimaet og Kyoto. Aktuel Naturvidenskab, 6, 15-17.
Pedersen, J.O.P and Bacher, C. (2001) Mekanismerne i Jordens klima. Kvant, 3, 9-13.
Pedersen, J.O.P. (2002) Room for error: a Danish view. Europhysics News, 33, 141-142.
Thamdrup, B. and Canfield, D.E. (2000) Benthic respiration in aquatic sediments. In: Sala, O.E., Jackson, R.B., Mooney, H.A., and Howarth, R. (eds). Methods in Ecosystem Science, 86-103.
Thomsen, U. (1999) Glad for forurening, iltsvind hjælper til forståelse af jordens udvikling. Ny Viden, Syddansk Universitet 12 (8. oktober), 17.
Venegas, S. (2000) Statistical methods for signal detection in climate. DCESS Report No 2.
Wieland A., Zopfi J., Benthien M. and Kühl M. (2002) Biogeochemistry of microbial mats in the Camargue (France). In: P. Caumette (ed.), Proceedings of the 2'nd MATBIOPOL meeting, 21-50.
DCESS Associates
Scientific Staff
|
Name |
Position |
Period |
Salary financed by |
|
Gary Shaffer |
Director, Professor |
01.12.97 - 31.05.98
01.06.98 - 30.11.02 |
UC
DCESS |
|
Ray Bates |
Assoc. Dir., Professor |
01.12.97 -30.11.02 |
UC |
|
Don Canfield |
Assoc. Dir., Professor |
01.12.97 - 30.11.02 |
SDU/OU |
|
Vladimir Alexeev |
Assoc. Professor |
01.01.98 - 31.07.02 |
DCESS |
|
David Archer |
Visiting Professor |
11.03.00 - 31.08.00 |
UCH |
|
Jørgen Bendtsen |
Research Assistant
Assist. Professor
Assoc. Professor |
01.01.98 - 31.03.98
01.05.98 - 30.06.98
01.07.98 - 31.10.00
01.11.00 - 31.12.00
01.01.01 - 31.01.02 |
DCESS
DCESS
SNF
SNF
DCESS |
|
Christian Bjerrum |
Research Assistant
Assist. Professor |
01.05.99 - 31.10.99
01.11.99 - 31.03.02 |
DCESS |
|
Rodrigo Caballero |
Assist. Professor |
14.04.99 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Gilles Garric |
Assist. Professor |
01.02.01 -30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Kirsten Habicht |
Assoc. Professor |
01.12.97 - 31.01.00
01.02.00 - 31.07.00
01.08.00 - 31.12.00
01.01.01 - 31.12.01
01.02.01 - 30.11.02 |
EU
DCESS/EU
NRC/US
DCESS
NRC/US |
|
Samuel Hormazabal |
Research Assistant
Ph.D. Student |
01.06.99 - 30.06.99
01.07.99 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Matthew Huber |
Assist. Professor |
15.07.01 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Mai-Britt Kronborg |
Research Assistant
Ph.D. Student |
25.10.99 - 31.08.00
01.09.00 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Ole Krarup Leth |
Ph.D. Student
Assoc. Assistant |
01.12.97 - 31.09.99
01.01.00 - 31.03.00 |
UC
DCESS |
|
Young Li |
Assoc. Professor |
01.04.98 - 15.03.99 |
DCESS |
|
Karina Lindberg |
Research Assistant
Ph.D. Student |
01.01.99 - 31.01.99
01.02.99 - 31.05.02 |
DCESS |
|
Steffen M. Olsen |
Research Assistant
Ph.D. Student
Research Assistant
Ph.D. Student
Research Assistant
Research Assistant |
01.01.98 - 31.01.99
01.02.99 - 31.12.01
01.01.02 - 31.03.02
01.04.02 - 30.04.02
01.05.02 - 31.07.02
01.09.02 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Jens Olaf Pepke Pedersen |
Assoc. Professor/
Administrator |
01.01.98 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Simon Poulton |
Assoc. Professor |
01.07.02 - 30.11.02 |
EU |
|
Detlef Quadfasel |
Professor |
01.11.98 - 30.11.02 |
UC |
|
Yanan Shen |
Assist. Professor |
01.12.97 - 31.03.00
01.04.00 - 31.12.01 |
SDU/OU
DCESS |
|
Rolf Sonnerup |
Assist. Professor |
12.04.99 - 31.05.00 |
DCESS |
|
Ketil Sørensen |
Ph.D. Student
Assist. Professor |
01.07.99 - 30.06.02
01.07.02 - 31.08.02 |
DCESS |
|
Bo Thamdrup |
Assoc. Professor |
01.01.98 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Uffe Thomsen |
Ph.D Student |
01.01.98 - 31.12.00 |
SDU/OU |
|
Silvia Venegas |
Ph.D. Student
Assist. Professor |
01.09.98 - 31.08.01
01.09.01 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Mike Williams |
Assist. Professor |
01.12.98 - 30.09.01 |
DCESS |
|
Jacob Zopfi |
Assist. Professor |
01.04.00 - 31.03.01
01.04.01 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS
EU |
Technical and administrative staff
|
Name |
Position |
Period |
Salary financed by |
|
Mette Andersen |
Secretary |
09.12.98 - 28.02.01
01.03.01 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS-SDU/OU
DCESS |
|
Jannis Bouchikas |
System Manager |
01.01.99 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS/UC |
|
Jørgen Holck |
Engineer Assistant |
01.12.97 - 31.08.01 |
UC |
|
Henning Hundahl |
Engineer |
01.12.97 - 30.11.02 |
UC |
|
Tove Klint |
Secretary |
08.09.98 - 08.12.98 |
DCESS |
|
Susanne Knappe |
Secretary |
01.11.99 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Mette Lambæk |
Technician |
15.09.98 - 14.12.98 |
DCESS |
|
Yvonne Mukherjee |
Secretary |
01.11.01 - 31.07.02 |
DCESS |
|
Lillian Salling |
Technician |
01.12.97 - 30.11.02 |
SDU/OU |
|
Per-Ingvar Sehlstedt |
Engineer |
01.02.98 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Sverker Skoglund |
Engineer |
01.01.98 - 31.12.98 |
SNF |
|
Mai-Britt Skov |
Secretary |
01.01.98 - 31.10.98 |
DCESS |
|
Peter Søholdt |
Technician |
01.11.98 - 30.11.02 |
DCESS |
|
Birgit Wichmann |
Secretary |
01.01.98 - 31.10.99 |
DCESS |
UC: University of Copenhagen/Department of Geophysics
SDU/OU: University of Southern Denmark/Odense University, Institute of Biology
NRC/US: National Research Council, USA
SNF: Danish Natural Science Research Council
EU: European Union
UCH: University of Chicago